Many studies indicate that TRADE COSTS are large and significant. The question is whether TRADE COSTS could explain the size of the TRADE and shed light on the mystery of missing TRADE. In this framework, this paper studies 73 developing countries in the period 2005-2011. The results of our panel data analysis signify that “the pecuniary COSTS of TRADE” and “the number of necessary documents” affect the size of the TRADE negatively and significantly. This result is derived after controlling for the size of the economies, the degree of openness and the tariff COSTS of the TRADE.

Economic integration has been an inevitable in recent years. One of the main aspects of integration is an increasing TRADE between members and neighboring countries. If it’s true, partner countries could have TRADE periods as similarities. This study is based on the assumption that economic integration and cooperation can increase TRADE volume, economic welfare and economics return to scale for members. Therefore this study evaluates the impact of BILATERAL agricultural TRADE in according to free TRADE agreements (FTAs). In this study, the panel data method and gravity model were used. Results indicated that Iran and Turkey take more benefits from free TRADE agreement; also the distance between countries has negative impact on TRADE volume of them.

This study concerns with calculation of Iran's agricultural BILATERAL TRADE COSTS and major influential factors in Iran's BILATERAL TRADE with Developed and Developing countries. The main findings revealed that over the period 1995-2010 weighted average of agricultural TRADE cost with developing partners has declined by 44, and with developed partners has increased by 22 percent. This reduction, however, was greater for UAE and Brazil from developing countries and for Switzerland and Austria from developed countries. Based on the estimated regression, agricultural BILATERAL TRADE COSTS is positively related to distance, BILATERAL tariff rate and lag of agricultural BILATERAL TRADE COSTS, while island and adjacency variables have an opposite effect on Iran's agricultural BILATERAL TRADE COSTS. Considering the results, it is suggested that agricultural products should be destined based on TRADE COSTS, in order to increase the comparative power of export products.

According to the importance of international TRADE and recognition the coun-try's business relationship in economic progress of countries, barriers and in-centives, including the role of technology in shaping TRADE patterns is im-portant. Due to the high volume of TRADE between Iran and China, it is im-portant to evaluate the TRADE model between the two countries. Therefore, to study the TRADE model of Iran and China, and to evaluate its determinants, in particular the role of technological gap, in this study, the Intra-Industry TRADE Index (IIT) was first Calculated by Grobel and Lloyd (GL) based on two-digit codes (HS) Then the regression model is estimated by applying gravity model and dynamic least squares method (DOLS) during 1995-1995. According to the empirical results, technological gap and exchange rate fluctuations have had a negative effect on Iran's and China's intra-industry TRADE, while the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action has had a pos-itive and statistically significant effect on BILATERAL TRADE. Also, empirical re-sults indicate that Iran-China TRADE is not an intra-industry TRADE, and most of the TRADE is based on inter-industry TRADE, which is the presence of tech-nological gap and barriers to TRADE such as economic sanctions are one of the most important reasons for this imbalance.